Surabaya Wikipedia

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Singosari succeeded in developing the wealthy agricultural hinterland along the Brantas river basin, in addition to the lucrative maritime commerce along the Java Sea. In 1275 and 1291 king Kartanegara attacked the maritime kingdom of Crivijaya in South Sumatra and gained management over the maritime trade in the Java and Sumatra seas. He was, nevertheless, killed by one of his vassals, Jayakatwang in 1293. The kingdom of Singosari was based in 1222 by a commoner by the name of Ken Arok, who managed to marry the attractive princess Ken Dedes of Janggala after murdering her husband. Ken Arok later attacked neighbouring Kediri and thus united the two realms that were cut up by King Airlangga in 1049 as inheritance to his two sons. Much of what we know at present about Singosari comes from the 14th century Old Javanese textual content known as the Pararaton .

During the Dutch East Indies period, Surabaya was the capital of the Surabaya Residency, whose territory encompasses what is now the Gresik Regency, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, and Jombang. In 1926, Surabaya was designated the capital of the province of East Java. Since then Surabaya developed into the second largest city within the Dutch East Indies after Batavia.